ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Blood transfusion is a core service within health care systems and individuals who donate their blood in the treatment of sick human for different conditions such as surgery, accident, delivery and treatment of different diseases. The donation of blood by voluntary non-remunerated blood donors is recognized as being crucial for the safety and sustainability of national blood supplies. The study is carried out to find out the prevalence of blood donors and to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice on voluntary blood donation of medical students.Material and Methods: Data were collected from a semi-structured questionnaire and technique was self-administered questionnaire to know the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donation and analyze by using SPSS software among 167 medical students of Shree Medical and Technical College, Chitwan. The scoring system in knowledge was included. Attitude was assessed by using 3-point Likert scale. Results: Majority of respondents (92.8%) had heard about voluntary blood donation and almost all (97.2%) respondents knew the correct meaning of voluntary blood donation. About 38.9% had poor knowledge regarding voluntary blood donation and 61.1% of the respondents had good knowledge on voluntary blood donation and mean knowledge was found to be 56.17%. Those respondents who had work experience had significantly low level of knowledge than who did not have work experience (p = 0.0025).Conclusion: To increase the prevalence of voluntary blood donation, specific campaigns involving interactive awareness sessions on blood donation should be organized, targeting the youth, motivating them to become regular voluntary blood donors should be conducted. Efforts must be undertaken to bring the knowledge and positive attitude towards students into application in future to achieve the goal of 100% VBD.
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Food is an important basic necessity, its procurement, preparation and consumption is vital for the sustenance of life. However, diseases that spread through food are common and persistent problems result in appreciable morbidity and occasionally in death. Eating establishments provide food on a large scale and are important from the point of view of epidemiology of food borne diseases in the community. This study is carried out to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) regarding food hygiene among food handlers working in food establishment in Nehru Nagar, Belgaum City.Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in food establishment in Nehru Nagar, Belgaum City. Sample is a subset of a population selected to participate in a study. Total number of food establishment’s functioning in Nehru Nagar is 103. . From each food establishment’s one cook, one helper and one service staff was selected randomly. Hence the total number of samples in the study is 103x 3= 309. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to gather information regarding practices of food hygiene. Data were coded and entered into SPSS sheet and analyzed by using SPSS software (SPSS 20.0 Version). Proportions were calculated wherever required from frequency tables. Chi square test was used.Results: The maximum number of subjects 251(81.2%) had average knowledge, 237 (76.7%) had average attitude and 262 (84.8%) had average practice. There is a statistically significant association found between demographic variables such as, nationality, religion, education, marital status, duration of employment, with knowledge of food handlers at the p < 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: The food hygiene is an important aspect in food establishments made it compulsory for food handlers to provide clean food and free from contamination.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the study of the etiological agents of diarrhea in children below 14 years of age, this study was conducted from May 1995 to April 1996. One thousand one hundred seven (1,107) children with acute diarrhea receiving Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) at National Kanti Children's Hospital were included in this study. Stool samples of these patients were investigated at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine. None of the stool samples showed the growth of Vibrio cholerae 0139 synonym Bengal. In Nepal, V.cholerae could be isolated from June to November. From December to May, no cases of V. cholerae were detected. Therefore, we address to this incidence as outbreaks rather than endemic. Mixed infections along with V. cholerae were also seen in 29% of cholera patients. V. cholerae 01, Hikojima types were the major isolates in our study followed by Ogawa type. V. cholerae, Hikojima and Ogawa serotypes were associated with mixed infection in 16.1% and 12.9% of patients, respectively. These isolates were associated with Shigella, Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cholera/drug therapy , Diarrhea/microbiology , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Nepal/epidemiology , Seasons , Serotyping , Vibrio cholerae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Result of bacterial study on Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) prepared in plain unboiled and boiled drinking water of Kathmandu valley is reported. Of the total 100 water samples collected from different sources and area all the samples, as a base line study, were subjected for the examination of bacterial presence. Eighty eight percent of the water samples studied were found to be unsatisfactory for drinking. Thirty five percent of the ORS prepared in unboiled water and kept for 24 hours at room temperature showed increased bacterial count whereas none of the ORS prepared in 5 minute boiled water and kept for 24 hour at room temperature showed any bacterial growth. Decreased bacterial count was not found in any of the ORS prepared in unboiled water. Typical coliform bacilli were found grown in 57.0% of the ORS prepared in unboiled water samples.